Day 11 (Saturday Sept. 16th ) Snowballs!


Kuruman to Hotazel to Postmastberg.

We started bright and early from Kuruman, and went first to an exposure of stromatillites in the late Archean to early Proterozoic Campbelrand Platform. One of our alumni, Dawn Sumner, has worked extensively on the small stromatillites from this locality, showing that they appear to have the ability to photosynthetically fix the bicarbonate ion (HCO3-). We even found the volcanic ash which she and Sam Bowring (at MIT) used to date the sequence at 2.521 +/- 3 myr. At that point, Oscar von Antwerpen, a geologist at the Mamatwan Manganese mine, met us on the outcrop and drove us to their open pit operations. As the mines don't operate on the weekends, we were able to drive right up to the active ore body, a 20-m thick layer of nearly pure manganese oxides, formed in the aftermath of the worst glaciation in Earth history (snowball #1). Unfortunately, the weather was not cooperating, and as the mist and rain came pouring down we turned South from the Hotazel area to the massive Sichen Iron Mine, stopping for a superb discourse on BIFs from Laura. As the rain and lightning thundered down on us once again, we decided to stay at the Postmastberg Hotel that evening rather than risking our tents being washed away. Dinner at a local restaurant was also interesting, interrupted by one of the heaviest downpours in memory. Even some of the rooms in the hotel leaked that evening, and we were glad to have opted out of the tents!

Written by JLK
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