Ge 167: Tectonic Geodesy

Course Description

An introduction to the use of modern geodetic observations (e.g., GPS and InSAR) to constrain crustal deformation models. Secular velocity fields, coseismic and time-dependent processes; volcano deformation and seasonal loading phenomena. Basic inverse approaches for parameter estimation and basic temporal filtering algorithms.

Units: 3-0-6 (spring)
Regular class time: Tu/Th 10:30-12:00, 162 S.Mudd
Grading policy:

Homework (problem sets, paper review/discussion): 40%
Class participation: 10%
Project: 50%

Instructor

Mark Simons, x6984, 355 South Mudd, simons@caltech.edu

Teaching Assistant

Francisco Ortega, x6932, 360 South Mudd, ortega@gps.caltech.edu

Ombudsperson

TBD

Readings

Textbook

Parameter estimation and inverse problems By Richard C. Aster, Clifford H. Thurber, Brian Borchers Academic Press, 2005 (Reserved in GPS library)
Linear Algebra, Geodesy, and GPS by Gilbert Strang and Kai Borre (1997)

Papers (more to come)

Models

REVEL: A model for Recent plate velocities from space geodesy Sella, G. F., T. H. Dixon, and A. Mao (2002), J. Geophys. Res., 107(B4), 2081, doi:10.1029/2000JB000033.
Block models of crustal motion in southern California constrained by GPS measurements Meade and Hager, JGR, 2005
Interseismic strain accumulation: spin-up, cycle invariance, and irregular rupture sequences. Hetland, E.A., and B.H. Hager, 2006. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 7, Q05004, doi:10.1029/2005GC001087.
The effect of rheological layering on postseismic and interseismic displacements Hetland, E.A., and B.H. Hager, 2006. . Geophys. J. Int., 166, 277-292
Postseismic and interseismic displacements near a strike-slip fault: a 2D theory for general linear viscoelastic rheologies. Hetland, E.A. and B.H. Hager, 2005. J. Geopys. Res., 110, B10401, doi:10.1029/2005JB003689.

Strainmaps

Interseismic crustal deformation in the Taiwan plate boundary zone revealed by GPS observations, seismicity, and earthquake focal mechanisms Hsu et al., Tectonophysics, 2009
Strain and rotation rate from GPS in Tibet, Anatolia, and the Altiplano Allmendinger, R.W. et al., TECTONICS, VOL. 26, TC3013, doi:10.1029/2006TC002030, 2007

InSAR

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Geodesy Simons, M. and P. A. Rosen. (2007). pp. 391-446 in Treatise on Geophysics: Geodesy, T. A. Herring, ed., Elsevier, New York.
Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry Rosen et al., (2000). IEEE

Basics of the GPS Technique: Observation Equations Blewitt, G. in Geodetic Applications of GPS, p.10-54, ed. B. Johnson, Nordic Geodetic Commission, Sweden, ISSN 0280-5731(1997)
GPS and Space-Based Geodetic Methods Blewitt, G. (2007). pp. 351-390 in Treatise on Geophysics: Geodesy, T. A. Herring, ed., Elsevier, New York.
Finding the Repeat Times of the GPS Constellation Duncan Agnew and Kristine Larson (2006)
Volcano monitoring using GPS: Developing data analysis strategies based on the June 2007 Kilauea Volcano intrusion and eruption Larson et al (2010), JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 115, B07406, doi:10.1029/2009JB007022
Detection of transient motions with the Global Positioning System Elosegui, et al (1996), J. Geophys. Res., 101 (B5), 11249-11261.
Modified sidereal filtering: Implications for high-rate GPS positioning Choi, K. et al (2004), Geophysical Research Letters, Vol.31, L22608, 2004.
GPS sidereal filtering: coordinate- and carrier-phase-level strategies Ragheb, A. et al (2007), J. Geod (2007) 81:325-335.

Optical

Monitoring Earth Surface Dynamics With Optical Imagery LEPRINCE et al., (2008). EOS
Co-Registration of Optically Sensed Images and Correlation (COSI-Corr): an Operational Methodology for Ground Deformation Measurements LEPRINCE et al., (2007). conference paper
Automatic and Precise Orthorectification, Coregistration, and Subpixel Correlation of Satellite Images, Application to Ground Deformation Measurements LEPRINCE et al., (2007). IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
Glacier-surface velocities in alpine terrain from optical satellite imagery Accuracy improvement and quality assessment Scherler et al., (2008). Remote Sensing of Environment

Earth Tides and Time-dependent Gravity

Earth Tides Agnew, D. C. (2007). pp. 163-195 in Treatise on Geophysics: Geodesy, T. A. Herring, ed., Elsevier, New York.
Time-Variable Gravity From Satellites Wahr, J. M. (2007). in Treatise on Geophysics: Geodesy, T. A. Herring, ed., Elsevier, New York.

Topics

Date	Topics
03/29/11	introduction (Lecture slides, Tohoku-Oki earthquake GPS data animations)
03/31/11	GMT + elastic dislocations
04/05/11	elastic dislocations and strain maps
04/07/11	strain estimation
04/12/11	back slip model
04/14/11	inverse problems [slides]
04/19/11	Time Dependent Deformation [slides]
04/21/11	GPS (Sue Owen)[slides]
04/26/11	intro to GIPSY (Sue Owen)[slides][GD2P.pl][GIPSY-OASIS]
04/28/11	GPS propagation delays [slides]
04/29/11	lab class: using GIPSY [pdf]
05/03/11	Kinematic GPS Processing (Sue Owen)[slides]
05/05/11	Reference frames, tides and loading [slides]
05/10/11	GIPSY hands on (HW4)
05/12/11	GIPSY hands on (HW4)
05/17/11	InSAR (Paul Rosen) [slides]
05/19/11	InSAR (Paul Rosen) [slides]
05/24/11	InSAR Lab
05/26/11	Newer important developments in tectonic geodesy [pdf]

Homework

Date Due	Homework
04/05/11	velocity model of California [files]
04/12/11	strain [files]
04/19/11	summary of Meade and Hager [2005]
05/13/11	GIPSY [files]
	read both Blewitt papers, Sebastien Leprince's notes, Sebastien Leprince's EOS and conference paper

Useful links

Science

Software