Vacuum Brainteaser

Spring 2003

  1. Qualitatively estimate (and briefly explain your reasoning) the hypothetical effects on polar ice traps on the Moon from the following changes. These effects are either negligible or major. See if you can rank them in order of decreasing importance.
    • Moving the Moon to 0.35 AU
    • Increasing the internal heat flow by a factor of 2
    • Increasing the obliquity to 20 degrees
    • Speeding up the rotation velocity by a factor of 2
    • Increasing the albedo of the regolith from 0.1 to 0.2
  2. Before 1965 Mercury was believed erroneously to be in synchronous rotation about the sun, i.e. the length of it's day was equal to that of it's year, 88 Earth days. Estimate the approximate surface temperature one would have expected to find on the permanently dark side under those conditions.
  3. What would be the approximate brightness temperature that a ground-based radio telescope would observe at Inferior Conjunction based upon those assumptions? Assume the emissivity of the surface is nearly unity, and that the surface is dry silicate regolith (very insulating), all of which are reasonable assumptions.
  4. In 1962, the first radio emission observations of Mercury were obtained by a group at the University of Michigan, nearly at Inferior Conjunction. They found a brightness temperature around 250K (with large uncertainties), comparable to that of the Moon. List at least two possible explanations for the anomalously high radio brightness temperature.

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